Engine operated by liquid fuel and method of working the same



Aug. f7, 1923. 1%:64268 K. o; KELLER ENGINE OPERATED BY LIQUID FUEL AND METHOD OF WORKING THE SAME Filed March 2, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet l Aug. 7, m3.

K. O. KELLER ENGINE OPERATED BY LIQUID FUEL AND METHOD OF WORKING THE SAME Filed March 2, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 7 near, orro nnannn, or sunnnnnann, nus an, i g

man noxronn, or snnnnnan, ion-anon, nn'eaann.

WGJINE' UPERATED BY LIQUID JFUEL MD METJEIQJD GE WUEKJING THE SAME.

hpplicationnled March 23, that. Serial Ito. mouse.

.7 '0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that T, KARL Orro Kn coincidin with a plane containing the axis about which the aforesaid y of air whirls.

citizen of the Swiss Confederation, residing To spray a conical jet of fuel-oil into the at Sunderland, England, have invented oertain new and useful Improvements in Engines Operated b Liquid Fuel and Methods of Working the ame, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in two-stroke or other engines operated by liquid fuel and in methods of working the same. A method of working two-strobe cycle internal-combustion engines is already known which consists in causing the scavenging air entering the cylinder of the engine to rotate within said cylinder and in jecting liquid fuel into said rotating mass or air.

The present invention has for its object an improvement upon this method, in order to ensure an improveddispersal in the air filling the combustion-space,of the particles of fuel-oil injected into 1t, with a consequent improvement in combustion. The improve ments constituting the present invention are applied to an engine which comprises the known combination with the cylinder'oll a scavenge-air inlet vconduit (or a plurality of such conduits) which opens through the cylinder-wall and is, as toeach said conduit, inclined out of a plane that contains the cylinder-axis. This arrangement has been and is employed in order that the entering scavenge-air stream shall exert a tangential rotative thrust on the body oft air in the cylinder and thus impart to that body, as a whole, a wh'irlin motion, either about the cylinder-axis or a ut one or an other of the axes that are near to and moreor less parallel therewith. During this whirling motion the body of air may be spinning as a cylindrical mass, or there may he a spiral progression of the air in it.

There is added to the combination afore w to the ani's of the cylinder,- ,t instead,

lengthwise, of the cylinder, and preterabl-y;

am? of air in a sll side of a whirling body of air, set in motion by the scavenge-air is already mown, and the present applicants do not desire to make any claim to this use of aconical jet, but

a" LIE TO RUHERT they attach. great importance to the use of a fiat-sided fan-shaped jet when it forms a curtain across the whirling body of air that extends lengthwise of that body, that is to say, they consider it as being important for the purposes of the present invention to have a flat jet of oil so disposed asto form a curtain extending down through e. g. a cylindrical body of air, from one fiat end to the other and from the circular circumference thereof towards or past the centre, so that,

for instance, in a vertical engine the curtain I would be a vertical curtain.

The above described relationship of the flat curtain to the whirling body of air is found to ensure a ve complete impregnation of the body of air by the oil particles which become so thoroughly difiused in the body of air as it carries away the oil particles of the curtain in circular or spiral aths, first attenuating the curtain and ally causing it to disappear as such, that the combination according to this invention applied to a marine oilengine has efieiently and satisfactorily burnt during a long trial, oil of the lrind lmown as Mexican boiler-oil of a specific gravity (.945) higher than any which, to the best of the apphcants knowledge, intormation and belief, has ever before been satisfactorily usable in such engines.

Not only has the use of the apparatus of this invention resulted in a high thermal deficiency of engine operation, but it has made possible the complete combustion in an engine of crude oils of a kind hitherto generally used only for burning in boilerfurnaces.

Une embodiment of the invention and several modifications thereof are diagraatically illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawin. llt is to be understood however, that the invention is not lted to the precise constructional details enumerated.

in these drawings:

,l. and 2 are diagrammatic trans- -ee section and longitudinal, section, re-

ctively through the 'cylinr oi? an opate lltl

posed-piston internal-combustion taken at the fuel-injection nozzle;

Figure 3 is a vertical sectional elevation showing the cylinder of a single-piston internal-combustion engine provided with fuelinjection nozzles set according to the invention, and

Figure 4 is a horizontal section taken on the bent line 4-4 in Figure 3, showing the scavenge-air ports;

Figure 5 is a vertical sectional elevation showing the cylinder of a double-acting single-piston internal-combustion engine provided in the upper and lower combustion-spaces with fuel-injection nozzles set according to the invention;

Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional elevation through the cylinder ofan opposedpiston internal-combustion engine provided with one fuel-injection nozzle set according to the invention, and

Figures 7 and 8 are transverse sections taken respectively on the lines 7-7 and 88 in Figure 6, respectively showing the sea"- enge-air ports and the arrangement of the fuel-injection nozzle;

Figure 9 isan'elevation, partly broken away and in longitudinal section, showing the cylinder of an opposed-piston internaL combustion engine provided with two fueL injection nozzles set diametrically opposite one another in a manner according to the invention, and

Figures 10 and 11 are transverse sections taken respectively on the lines 10--1O and 11-11 in Figure 9 showing respectively a. modified arrangement of scavenge-air ports, and the setting of the two nozzles;

Figures 12 and 13 are elevations, partly in longitudinal section, showing two further improved arrangements of fuel-injection nozzles in cylinders of opposed-piston internal-combustion engines, and

Figure 14 is a transverse vertical section through an engine cylinder showing a further modified arrangement comprising four fuel-injection nozzles set according to the invention;

Figures 15 and 16 are longitudinal section, and end elevation, respectively, showing a known form of fuel-injection nozzle adapted for use in carrying into practice the method of working internal-combustion engines according to the invention. 1

Like reference letters designate like parts throughout the several views.

Figures 1 and 2 show how a jet D of spray entering near one end of and at one side of a combustion-space between opposed pistons B, B is directed from a nozzle C towards the opposite side of a cylinder A, vand the dotted line 1) shows the general direction in which the air contents in the cylinder, whirling in the'direction of the arrows D, take particles of oil out of the curtain engine jet D in attenuating the curtain as hereinbefore described.

Referring now to Figures 3 and A, a water-jacketed cylinder A of an internalcombustion engine having a single piston B is provided with a lower set of scavengeair ports A and an upper set of scavengeair ports A As clearly shown in Figure 4, the lower ports A are the ordinary radiallydisposed ports, whilst the upper ports A are angled, that is to say are directed out of a plane that contains the cylinder axis, in order that the entering scavenge-air stream may exert in the known manner a rotative thrust on the body of air in the cylinder for causing it to whirl therein about the cylinder axis or about one or another of the axes that are near that axis and parallel or substantially parallel therewith. The cylinder is provided near its head with two spraying devices C, C, each for delivering a flat fan-shaped jet D into the combustion chamberbetween the cylinder-head and the adjacent end of the piston B. As shown, these spraying devices are in the form of a fuelinjection nozzle of the known kind illustrated in Figures 15 and 16, comprising a number of radiating oil passages p arranged in one plane. As shown in Figure 3, these nozzles are situated at opposite sides of the cylinder wall not coaxial with one another, but staggered so as to be one at the upper end of the chamber and the other at a lower level therein, and each is adapted to produce a flat fan-shaped jet of fuel-oil spray D situated in the central plane of the cylinder. According to this invention each of these nozzles C is so set in relation to the cylinder wall that a flat fan of spray is formed which constitutes a curtain that extends into the whirling body of air in the combustion chamber, lengthwise of that body.

In the engine shown in Figure 5, two fuelinjection nozzles C are arranged diametrically opposite one another and coaxial one with the other in the combustion-space below the piston B, whilst a single spraying device C mounted in the cylinder-head coaxial with the axis of the cylinder A is provided in the combustion-space above the piston. This spraying device C comprises two lateral nozzles directed away from one another towards diametrically opposite parts of the cylinder wall, and each of the nozzles in this engine is so set in relation to the cylinder wall that a curtain or flat fan of spray ex tends into a whirling body of air lengthwise of that body and in a plane coincident with the cylinder axis about which the body of air whirls. If desired a single spraying device C for producing radial outwardlydirected curtains D of spray may be provided in the head of a single-piston en 'ne, instead of the two nozzles C shown in igure 3.

In the engine illustrated in Figures 6, 7 and 8, the curtain D of spray, produced by the nozzle C between the two opposed pis tons, B, B likewise extends into the whirling body of air in the combusion chamber lengthwise of that body, as distinct from normal to the axis of whirl of the air, and is shown in Figure 8 as extending coincident with a plane containing the cylinder axis about which the body of air whirls.

The construction of engine illustrated in Figures 9, 10 and 11 differs from that described with reference to Figure 6 in the arrangement of the scavenge-air ports A which are spaced apart differently from those shown in Figure 7, and further in that two nozzles C are provided, situated diametrically opposite one another and co-axial with each other.

In the engine illustrated in Figure 12 two nozzles C are provided in staggered relation, one at each side of the combustionspace with their axes non-coaxial.

Figure 13 shows a modified construction in which two pairs of nozzles C are arranged at the two sides of the combustion-space, one nozzle of each pair being diametrically opposite and coaxial with a nozzle of the other pair.

Figure 14 shows a modified bonstruotion in which four nozzles C are disposed in one plane and angularly spaced thereinv 90 apart around the combustion-space, all of ,aee

the nozzles being directed towards the center with the planes of the fans of spray produced by them meeting and intersecting on the line of the cylinder axis.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In the method of working an internalcombustion engine, the steps consisting of causing a body of air to rotate in the cylinder during the compression stroke about an axis extending lengthwise of the cylinder, and injecting into the rotating body of air a flat fan-shaped jet of fuel-oil spray in such a manner that it forms a curtain which extends into said rotating body of air and has the plane of the curtain extending lengthwise of that body and substantially parallel to its axis of whirl.

2. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder and means for causing a body of air in the cylinder to whirl therein about an axis extending lengthwise of the cylinder, of an oil-spraying device for delivering a flat fanshaped jet of fuel-oil spray into the whirling body of air, which device is so set in relation to the cylinder wall that the flat fan forms a curtain extending into the said whirling body of air with the general plane of the curtain extending lengthwise of that body.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

KARL OTTO KELLER. 

